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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers
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Published on: February 28, 2019

Future developments in instrumentation for electron crystallography.

Kenneth H Downing1

  • 1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Science Division, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Instrumentation advances are enhancing electron microscopy, particularly cryo-electron microscopy and electron crystallography. Developments in detectors, phase contrast, and aberration correctors will boost productivity for electron crystallographers.

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Area of Science:

  • Electron microscopy
  • Structural biology
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Electron microscopy instrumentation has rapidly advanced since its invention.
  • These advancements have expanded the capabilities and applications of electron microscopy.
  • Continuing developments promise further enhancements, especially for cryo-electron microscopy and electron crystallography.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review active areas of instrumentation development in electron microscopy.
  • To provide insights into how these advances may enhance cryo-electron microscopy and electron crystallography.
  • To highlight the potential impact on electron crystallography.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current instrumentation development trends.
  • Analysis of advancements in detectors.
  • Examination of phase contrast devices and aberration correctors.

Main Results:

  • Significant momentum exists in key instrumentation areas.
  • Detectors, phase contrast devices, and aberration correctors are rapidly evolving.
  • These developments are poised to substantially impact electron crystallography.

Conclusions:

  • Continuing instrumentation advances are crucial for the future of electron microscopy.
  • Enhanced detectors, phase contrast, and aberration correction will significantly improve cryo-electron microscopy and electron crystallography.
  • Future developments hold substantial promise for increasing the productivity and expectations within electron crystallography.