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Related Concept Videos

Cholera01:25

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
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Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
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Published on: August 22, 2012

Diarrhoeal diseases in developing countries: a situational analysis.

S G Kumar1, L Subitha

  • 1Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India. sssgan@yahoo.com

Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ)
|November 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Diarrhoea remains a major health problem in developing nations, impacting child survival. Comprehensive prevention strategies, including improved water, sanitation, and hygiene, are crucial for reducing child morbidity and mortality.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Diarrhoeal diseases continue to cause significant morbidity in developing countries.
  • Addressing this is vital for achieving global health targets like the Millennium Development Goals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze current literature on diarrhoeal disease control in under-five children in developing countries.
  • To discuss public health issues, intervention strategies, and recent developments for diarrhoea prevention and management.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, internet searches, and other relevant sources.
  • Analysis focused on problem burden, determinants, interventions, management, and prevention strategies.

Main Results:

  • Despite efforts, significant reductions in diarrhoea-related morbidity have not been achieved.
  • Key areas for intervention include water quality, hygiene, sanitation, oral rehydration solution, and zinc supplementation.

Conclusions:

  • Strengthening primary-level diarrhoeal disease prevention is essential.
  • Further research into vaccines and cost-effective interventions is needed for effective control.