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Related Concept Videos

Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
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Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing
05:22

Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing

Published on: May 5, 2022

Morning glory syndrome.

M M Hossain1, A H Akhanda, M F Islam

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh.

Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ
|November 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A young boy presented with decreased vision in his right eye due to Morning Glory Syndrome, a rare congenital anomaly. Diagnosis was confirmed through clinical examination and fundus findings.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Science

Background:

  • Morning Glory Syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly affecting the optic nerve.
  • Early diagnosis and understanding of its presentation are crucial for patient management.

Observation:

  • A 20-year-old male presented with lifelong dimness of vision in the right eye.
  • Best corrected visual acuity was 6/60 in the affected eye and 6/6 in the left.
  • Fundus examination revealed a large optic disc with funnel-shaped excavation, surrounding chorioretinal disturbance, and a glial tuft.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with Morning Glory Syndrome based on clinical presentation and funduscopic findings.
  • Characteristic features included radial blood vessel emergence from the excavation rim.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing
05:22

Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing

Published on: May 5, 2022

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of recognizing the clinical signs of Morning Glory Syndrome.
  • Further research into the pathogenesis and long-term visual outcomes of this condition is warranted.