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Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
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Development of Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) Populations in Small Grain Crops by Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis
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Genome evolution due to allopolyploidization in wheat.

Moshe Feldman1, Avraham A Levy

  • 1Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. moshe.feldman@weizmann.ac.il

Genetics
|November 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wheat

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Wheat evolved via allopolyploidization (hybridization and genome doubling) in Aegilops and Triticum genera.
  • This process facilitated ecogeographical expansion and domestication, leading to significant genetic variation and adaptability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how allopolyploidization impacts genome structure and expression in wheat.
  • To understand the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms behind wheat's adaptability and evolutionary success.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of natural and synthetic allopolyploid wheat genomes.
  • Investigation of genetic and epigenetic alterations post-allopolyploidization.

Main Results:

  • Allopolyploidization accelerated wheat genome evolution through rapid "revolutionary" genetic/epigenetic changes and sporadic "evolutionary" changes.
  • These alterations resulted in the cytological and genetic diploidization of allopolyploid wheat.
  • Demonstrated dynamic structural and functional plasticity of the allopolyploid wheat genome.

Conclusions:

  • Allopolyploidization drives significant genome evolution in wheat, enhancing adaptability.
  • Genetic and epigenetic plasticity are key to the successful establishment of wheat in nature and agriculture.