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Related Concept Videos

Crossover Experiments01:16

Crossover Experiments

Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

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Related Experiment Video

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The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve
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The crossover sign overestimates acetabular retroversion.

Ira Zaltz1, Bryan T Kelly, Iftach Hetsroni

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|November 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The crossover sign on pelvic X-rays may indicate acetabular retroversion but can also be caused by the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) morphology, even with normal acetabular version. This finding suggests the crossover sign may overestimate acetabular retroversion in FAI patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic imaging
  • Radiology
  • Hip biomechanics

Background:

  • The crossover sign on AP pelvis radiographs is often linked to acetabular retroversion and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).
  • Variations in the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) may mimic the crossover sign, potentially leading to overdiagnosis of acetabular retroversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the crossover sign can appear on standardized AP pelvis radiographs without acetabular retroversion.
  • To investigate the role of AIIS size and morphology in the appearance of the crossover sign.

Main Methods:

  • Radiographic analysis of 53 patients with symptomatic FAI, focusing on 41 well-positioned AP pelvis radiographs.
  • Review by three independent readers for crossover sign presence and location.
  • Acetabular version assessed via 3D CT; AIIS morphology classified into three types.

Main Results:

  • Only 50% of radiographs with a crossover sign showed actual acetabular retroversion on 3D CT.
  • In hips with anteverted acetabula, the AIIS morphology was responsible for the crossover sign in all cases.
  • High interobserver reliability was achieved for AIIS typing (kappa > 0.8).

Conclusions:

  • The crossover sign is frequently observed on AP pelvis radiographs even without acetabular retroversion.
  • AIIS morphology is a significant factor in the radiographic crossover sign, irrespective of acetabular version, potentially explaining its presence in both retroverted and anteverted hips.