Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 17, 2026
Determining and Controlling External Power Output During Regular Handrim Wheelchair Propulsion
Published on: February 5, 2020
Measure for the assessment of confidence with manual wheelchair use (WheelCon-M) version 2.1: reliability and
Paula W Rushton1, William C Miller, R Lee Kirby
1Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, T325 - 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada.
Objective:
To evaluate the measurement properties of the Wheelchair Use Confidence Scale for manual wheelchair users version 2.1 (WheelCon-M 2.1).
Design:
Cohort study.
Participants:
Volunteer sample of 83 community-dwelling, experienced manual wheelchair users.
Methods:
Participants completed the WheelCon-M 2.1 twice to assess retest reliability. Validity was assessed by evaluating hypothesized relationships between the WheelCon-M 2.1 and relevant variables. Responsiveness was assessed using the standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest real difference (SRD).
Results:
The median (interquartile range) WheelCon-M 2.1 score was 84.6 (71.3-92.0) of a possible 0-100. The one-week retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.84 with 95% bias-corrected and accelerated confidence intervals of 0.77-0.90. Cronbach's alpha was 0.92. Correlations ranging from rs = -0.19 (p = 0.780) to rs = 0.58 (p < 0.001) were found between the WheelCon-M 2.1 and other relevant outcome measures with all correlations being statistically significant except for age (p = 0.780) and social support (p = 0.057). A statistically significant difference was not found between the sexes (p = 0.140). The SEM and SRM were 5.9 and 16.4, respectively.
Conclusions:
WheelCon-M 2.1 has high internal consistency, strong retest reliability, and support for concurrent validity, construct validity and responsiveness. This new test holds promise as a clinical and research tool.
