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Related Concept Videos

Exocrine Glands: Methods of Secretion01:08

Exocrine Glands: Methods of Secretion

Exocrine glands are those that release their secretions through ducts. Based on their mode of secretion, they can be classified into merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine.
Merocrine Secretion
Merocrine secretion is the most common type of exocrine secretion. The secretions are enclosed in vesicles and moved to the cell's apical surface, where the contents are released by exocytosis. For example, mucous, a watery secretion rich in the glycoprotein mucin, is a merocrine secretion. The eccrine glands...
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Exocrine Glands: Types of Secretions01:13

Exocrine Glands: Types of Secretions

Exocrine glands produce and release a variety of glandular products. Exocrine glands can be classified into serous, mucous, or mixed types based on their secretory products.
Serous glands produce watery secretions rich in digestive enzymes and proteins. The constituent cells of the serous gland have centrally located nuclei and eosinophilic secretory granules in the cytoplasm. The parotid gland is an example of a serous gland. It secretes saliva, which contains enzymes, such as lipases and...
Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium01:20

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium

The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
Multicellular glands are formed during early development when epithelial budding...
Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands01:29

Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands

Exocrine glands are classified as unicellular and multicellular. The unicellular glands are scattered single cells, such as goblet cells, found in the mucous membranes of the small and large intestines. On the other hand, multicellular exocrine glands develop as secretory sheets, like the internal lining of the abdomen or chest. Such secretory sheets release their secretions directly into the lumen of these organs. In addition, some multicellular glands have deep-seated secretory units to...
Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...

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Related Experiment Video

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Assessing the Secretory Capacity of Pancreatic Acinar Cells
09:52

Assessing the Secretory Capacity of Pancreatic Acinar Cells

Published on: August 28, 2014

A functioning artificial secretory cell.

Lisa Simonsson1, Michael E Kurczy, Raphaël Trouillon

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Scientific Reports
|November 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created an artificial cell to study exocytosis, finding that molecular release is slowed by restricted diffusion or molecule partitioning. This provides insights into secretory cell function.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Exocytosis is a fundamental cellular process for releasing molecules.
  • The SNARE complex mediates vesicle docking and fusion during exocytosis.
  • Understanding exocytosis mechanisms is crucial for various biological and medical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms of content release during exocytosis.
  • To develop a simplified artificial cell model for studying exocytosis.
  • To analyze the factors influencing molecular flux during artificial exocytosis.

Main Methods:

  • Amperometric study of content release from individual vesicles.
  • Utilized protein-free giant and large unilamellar vesicles as artificial cell and vesicle membranes.
  • Employed complementary DNA constructs as a SNARE-complex analog to mediate vesicle docking and fusion.
  • Induction of artificial exocytosis using Ca(2+).

Main Results:

  • Successfully recreated exocytotic events in an artificial secretory cell model.
  • Observed that molecular flux during artificial exocytosis closely approximates that in live cells.
  • Data and simulations indicate attenuated molecular flux due to restricted diffusion or partitioning.

Conclusions:

  • The artificial cell model provides a simplified yet accurate system for studying exocytosis.
  • Restricted diffusion through a semi-stable fusion pore or molecule partitioning attenuates molecular flux.
  • This study offers novel insights into the biophysical constraints governing content release in secretory cells.