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ICRP PUBLICATION 120: Radiological protection in cardiology.

C Cousins, D L Miller, G Bernardi

Annals of the ICRP

|November 13, 2012

Summary

Cardiac imaging and interventions increase patient radiation exposure, risking skin injury and cancer. This report updates guidance for cardiologists on radiation protection, dose optimization, and staff safety in cardiac CT, nuclear medicine, and fluoroscopy.

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Published on: March 11, 2021

Area of Science:

Radiological protection in medicine
Cardiology
Medical imaging and interventions

Background:

Cardiac nuclear medicine, CT, interventional cardiology, and electrophysiology procedures are increasing, contributing significantly to patient radiation exposure.
Complex procedures like percutaneous coronary interventions and electrophysiology carry high radiation doses, potentially causing skin injury and increasing cancer risk.
Radiation protection for staff in cardiac catheterization labs is crucial, especially when radiological tools are not used correctly.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide updated guidance for cardiologists on radiation protection in cardiac imaging and interventions.
To consolidate and update recommendations from previous ICRP publications relevant to cardiology.
To assist cardiologists in justification procedures and dose optimization for cardiac CT, nuclear medicine, and fluoroscopically guided interventions.

Main Methods:

Review and synthesis of existing International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) publications relevant to cardiology.
Focus on imaging procedures and interventions specific to cardiac care.
Inclusion of updated recommendations reflecting the latest ICRP guidelines.

Main Results:

The report details biological effects of radiation, principles of radiological protection, and staff protection strategies.
It emphasizes clinical examples of radiation-related skin injuries from cardiac interventions and methods for dose reduction.
Guidance is provided on training recommendations and quality assurance programs for cardiac imaging and intervention.

Conclusions:

Updated guidance is essential for cardiologists to manage radiation risks associated with cardiac procedures.
Implementing justification, optimization, and quality assurance programs can minimize patient and staff radiation exposure.
Particular attention to skin injury prevention and staff training is vital in fluoroscopically guided cardiac interventions.