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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

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Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:17

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 23, 2022

Epigenetic mechanisms regulating learning and long-term memory.

Robert H Lipsky1

  • 1Inova Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Road, Suite 210B, Annandale, VA 22003, United States. robert.lipsky@inova.org

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience
|November 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular memory relies on balanced neuronal responses. Epigenetic mechanisms in the brain influence synaptic plasticity, cognition, and neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease.

Keywords:
DNA methylationEpigeneticsHippocampusHistoneHistone methylationLearningMemoryMicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Neuronal responses, both rapid and prolonged, are crucial for forming molecular memory.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms play a significant role in regulating gene expression within the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of brain epigenetic mechanisms.
  • To discuss the impact of epigenetics on synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions.
  • To examine the role of epigenetics in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on brain epigenetics.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the link between epigenetic modifications and cognitive processes.
  • Case study analysis of epigenetic contributions to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic regulation is essential for establishing and maintaining molecular memory.
  • Alterations in epigenetic mechanisms are associated with changes in synaptic plasticity and cognitive abilities.
  • Epigenetic dysregulation is implicated in the neurodegenerative processes observed in Alzheimer's disease.

Conclusions:

  • A balance of neuronal response durations is key for molecular memory formation.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms are critical regulators of brain function, impacting cognition and memory.
  • Understanding these epigenetic roles offers insights into neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.