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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Measuring Psoriasis Severity at Home
02:28

Measuring Psoriasis Severity at Home

Published on: March 1, 2024

Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism in psoriasis: a meta-analysis.

Yi Han1, Tong Liu, Lechun Lu

  • 1Department of Physiology, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China.

Archives of Medical Research
|November 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms, particularly the ε2 and ε3 alleles, are linked to psoriasis risk. This meta-analysis confirms an association between specific ApoE variants and the development of psoriasis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Measuring Psoriasis Severity at Home
02:28

Measuring Psoriasis Severity at Home

Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene has been implicated in psoriasis development, but conflicting results exist.
  • Understanding ApoE's role is crucial for elucidating psoriasis pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms and the risk of developing psoriasis.
  • To resolve existing controversies regarding ApoE's contribution to psoriasis susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search identified seven relevant studies encompassing 966 psoriasis patients and 1,086 controls.
  • Meta-analysis techniques, including random-effects or fixed-effects models, were employed to assess overall effect sizes (Odds Ratio with 95% Confidence Intervals).
  • Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and potential publication bias were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • The ε2 allele of ApoE was significantly associated with an increased risk of psoriasis (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.23-1.75).
  • Conversely, the ε3 allele and the ε3/ε3 genotype showed a decreased risk of psoriasis (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.62-0.82; OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.52-0.77).
  • Subgroup analysis revealed a consistent association in Asian and European populations, but not in others.

Conclusions:

  • Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphisms, specifically the ε2 and ε3 alleles, are significantly associated with psoriasis risk.
  • These findings highlight the genetic contribution of ApoE to psoriasis.
  • Further research is warranted to validate these associations and explore underlying mechanisms.