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Related Concept Videos

Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas01:18

Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas

When an ideal gas is compressed adiabatically, that is, without adding heat, work is done on it, and its temperature increases. In an adiabatic expansion, the gas does work, and its temperature drops. Adiabatic compressions actually occur in the cylinders of a car, where the compressions of the gas-air mixture take place so quickly that there is no time for the mixture to exchange heat with its environment. Nevertheless, because work is done on the mixture during the compression, its...
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Free expansion of a gas is an adiabatic process. However, there are few differences between free expansion and adiabatic expansion. During free expansion, no work is done, and there is no change in internal energy. But, for an adiabatic expansion, work is done, and there is a change in internal energy. During an adiabatic process, the relation between the pressure and volume is obtained from the condition for the adiabatic process, that is,
Work Done in an Adiabatic Process01:20

Work Done in an Adiabatic Process

Consider the adiabatic compression of an ideal gas in the cylinder of an automobile diesel engine. The gasoline vapor is injected into the cylinder of an automobile engine when the piston is in its expanded position. The temperature, pressure, and volume of the resulting gas-air mixture are 20 °C, 1.00 x 105 N/m2, and 240 cm3 , respectively. The mixture is then compressed adiabatically to a volume of 40 cm3. Note that, in the actual operation of an automobile engine, the compression is not...
The Joule and Joule–Thomson Experiments01:23

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Consider an adiabatic system composed of two chambers, A and B, designed such that no heat flows into or out of the system. Initially, chamber A is filled with a gas at a fixed temperature T1, pressure p1, and volume V1, while chamber B is evacuated. The gas is then gradually forced through a rigid, porous barrier to chamber B, ultimately reaching temperature T2, pressure p2, and volume V2. A piston on the right side maintains a constant pressure (p2), which is lower than p1. The significant...
Accelerating Fluids01:17

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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
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Speed of Sound in Gases01:08

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The speed of sound in a gaseous medium depends on various factors. Since gases constitute molecules that are free to move, they are highly compressible. Hence, sound waves travel slowly through gases. Thermodynamics helps us understand the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of gases, thus, the speed of sound in an ideal gas can be determined using the laws of thermodynamics. At the same time, Newton's laws of motion and the continuity equation of fluid dynamics also come in...

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A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine
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The Instrument Set for Generating Fast Adiabatic Passage.

T Czechowski1, M Baranowski, A Woźniak-Braszak

  • 1Laboratory of EPR Tomography, Institute of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Management, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3A St., 60-965 Poznan, Poland.

Applied Magnetic Resonance
|November 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A new, affordable adiabatic extension set for spectrometers enables fast adiabatic passage generation using direct digital synthesis (DDS). This high-performance system offers superior signal-to-noise ratio and phase stability for nuclear magnetic resonance measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
  • Electronic Engineering

Background:

  • Advanced spectroscopic techniques often require specialized, high-cost hardware.
  • Generating fast adiabatic passages is crucial for certain NMR experiments.
  • Existing solutions for adiabatic passage generation are typically expensive and complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and construct a high-performance, low-cost adiabatic extension set for spectrometers.
  • To enable fast adiabatic passage generation using direct digital synthesis (DDS).
  • To provide a flexible and accessible tool for low-frequency nuclear magnetic resonance measurements.

Main Methods:

  • The apparatus utilizes direct digital synthesis (DDS) for signal generation.
  • Critical synchronization and timing issues were addressed in the design.
  • The system was engineered for ease of assembly, suitable for homebuilt and commercial spectrometers.

Main Results:

  • The developed system achieves a high signal-to-noise ratio and excellent phase stability during frequency changes.
  • This performance rivals that of expensive commercial high-end hardware.
  • The flexibility of the system allows for adaptation to various experimental conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed adiabatic extension set offers a cost-effective, high-performance solution for spectroscopic applications.
  • The DDS-based approach provides superior signal characteristics.
  • The system is particularly well-suited for low-frequency nuclear magnetic resonance measurements.