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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

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Scanning Electron Microscopy

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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

High Spatial Resolution Chemical Imaging of Implant-Associated Infections with X-ray Excited Luminescence Chemical Imaging Through Tissue

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Published on: September 30, 2022

A laboratory system for element specific hyperspectral X-ray imaging.

Simon D M Jacques¹, Christopher K Egan, Matthew D Wilson

¹School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.

|November 13, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel X-ray imaging technique that captures scattered X-rays to provide 3D structural and chemical information. This hyperspectral imaging method enhances material analysis and identification in bulk objects without sample preparation.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Imaging Technology

Background:

X-ray tomography is widely used in various fields, including medical diagnosis and industrial inspection.
Conventional methods only utilize transmitted X-rays, neglecting valuable information from scattered X-rays.
Existing techniques lack the ability to simultaneously provide detailed structural and chemical information at a voxel level.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simple, laboratory-based X-ray system for capturing scattered X-rays.
To demonstrate the capability of hyperspectral imaging for 3D structural and chemical analysis.
To showcase the potential for identifying and separating chemical species in bulk materials.

Main Methods:

Utilized a high-energy, laboratory-based X-ray system to capture scattered X-rays.
Employed hyperspectral imaging to analyze X-ray fluorescence and transmission data.
Applied the technique to an electronic device for component analysis.

Main Results:

Successfully generated 3D images with integrated structural and chemical information per voxel.
Demonstrated the ability to distinguish and map the atomic composition of electronic components.
Achieved both attenuation contrast and chemical variation imaging.

Conclusions:

The developed hyperspectral X-ray imaging technique offers a powerful new tool for material characterization.
This method enables non-destructive chemical species identification in bulk objects.
Potential applications span security, medical diagnostics, and materials science research.