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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Thyroid cancer: pathogenesis and targeted therapy.

David A Liebner1, Manisha H Shah

  • 1Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism
|November 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeted therapies are revolutionizing advanced thyroid cancer treatment. Vandetanib, a RET, VEGFR, and EGFR inhibitor, is now FDA-approved for medullary thyroid cancer, expanding options beyond traditional methods.

Keywords:
Thyroid cancerclinical trialskinase inhibitorsmolecular pathophysiologynovel therapies

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Advanced, unresectable radioiodine-resistant thyroid cancers have limited therapeutic options.
  • Understanding thyroid cancer subtypes' pathogenesis drives targeted therapy development.
  • Targeted strategies include angiogenesis inhibition and MAPK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in targeted therapies for advanced thyroid cancer.
  • To highlight the FDA approval of vandetanib for medullary thyroid cancer.
  • To discuss emerging therapeutic strategies in clinical development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent phase II and III clinical trials.
  • Analysis of FDA-approved targeted therapies.
  • Exploration of ongoing research in novel treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Vandetanib (RET, VEGFR, EGFR inhibitor) approved by FDA for advanced medullary thyroid cancer (April 2011).
  • Phase II trials show significant activity for other targeted therapies.
  • Multiple promising strategies are in earlier clinical development phases.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted therapy is transforming advanced thyroid cancer management.
  • Expanded treatment options are expected in the coming years.
  • Further research into novel agents and pathways is crucial.