Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 16, 2026
10:10
Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
Published on: February 15, 2022
Progression pattern of initial parafoveal scotomas in glaucoma
Daniel Su1, Sung Chul Park2, Joseph L Simonson3
1Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, New York; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.
Ophthalmology
|November 15, 2012
Summary
Initial parafoveal scotomas (IPFSs) in glaucoma patients exhibit a consistent arcuate progression pattern, deepening above fixation and spreading nasally. Understanding this visual field defect progression aids patient management and algorithm improvement.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Neuroscience
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
- Early detection and characterization of visual field defects are crucial for managing glaucoma progression.
- Initial parafoveal scotomas (IPFSs) represent an early stage of visual field loss in glaucoma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the progression pattern of initial parafoveal scotomas (IPFSs) using visual field (VF) data.
- To analyze cross-sectional and longitudinal 10-2 VF data to understand IPFS evolution.
- To identify characteristic patterns of IPFS progression in glaucoma patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective, observational study analyzing 10-2 visual field data.
- Inclusion of glaucoma patients with IPFS based on 24-2 and 10-2 VF criteria.
- Subgrouping based on glaucoma severity (VF pattern standard deviation) for analysis.
- Generation of average pattern deviation maps (cross-sectional) and progression rate maps (longitudinal).
Main Results:
- Eighty eyes (cross-sectional) and 40 eyes (longitudinal) with IPFS were analyzed.
- Superior IPFS initially showed an arcuate pattern, deepening above fixation and spreading nasally.
- Inferior IPFS followed a similar pattern but was located farther from fixation.
- The progression spared the papillomacular bundle area.
Conclusions:
- Superior and inferior IPFS demonstrate similar characteristic progression patterns.
- Inferior IPFS tend to be located farther from the fixation point compared to superior IPFS.
- Knowledge of these progression patterns can improve glaucoma patient management and VF testing algorithms.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Glaucoma: Overview
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
01:27Diabetic Retinopathy
DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
01:27Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
01:28Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
01:22Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...