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Is obesity a risk factor for chronic kidney disease in children?

Sujana S Gunta1, Robert H Mak

  • 1Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive. MC 0634, La Jolla, CA 92093-0634, USA.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|November 15, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Obesity is a growing global health issue and a significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Reducing obesity may help decrease the population burden of CKD.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Public Health
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Obesity prevalence is rapidly increasing globally in both adults and children.
  • Obesity is recognized as both a comorbidity and a potential risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Existing epidemiological and pathophysiological evidence links obesity with CKD development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted relationship between obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • To identify key pathophysiological mechanisms linking obesity to CKD.
  • To highlight the potential impact of obesity reduction on mitigating CKD burden.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological correlations between obesity and CKD.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological changes associated with obesity in CKD.
  • Examination of factors such as adipokines, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia.

Main Results:

  • Obesity is associated with increased risk and progression of CKD.
  • Low birth weight may contribute to both obesity and reduced nephron mass, predisposing individuals to CKD.
  • Adipokines (leptin, adiponectin), hypertension, insulin resistance, and lipotoxicity are implicated in CKD pathogenesis in obese individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity is a significant, modifiable risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Interventions targeting obesity reduction, including community-based strategies, could substantially decrease the global burden of CKD.
  • Addressing obesity is crucial for preventing and managing kidney disease.

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