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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
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Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Non-Invasive Modulation and Robotic Mapping of Motor Cortex in the Developing Brain
08:26

Non-Invasive Modulation and Robotic Mapping of Motor Cortex in the Developing Brain

Published on: July 1, 2019

Multimodal imaging of the self-regulating developing brain.

Anders M Fjell1, Kristine Beate Walhovd, Timothy T Brown

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway. andersmf@psykologi.uio.no

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain development, particularly the anterior cingulate cortex surface area, underpins cognitive control improvements in children. White matter connections also contribute to this crucial self-regulation skill.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Self-regulation, essential for behavior and emotion control, is linked to neuropsychiatric issues.
  • The developmental trajectory of self-regulation during childhood is not fully understood.
  • Brain structural maturation's role in improving self-regulation remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between brain structural development and cognitive control in children.
  • To identify specific brain regions and connections associated with self-regulation.
  • To understand the neural underpinnings of cognitive control development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging in 735 children (4-21 years).
  • Quantified cortical thickness, surface area, and white matter fiber connection quality.
  • Assessed cognitive control using the flanker task from the NIH Toolbox.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive control and response inhibition significantly improved during preteen years.
  • Anterior cingulate cortex surface area strongly predicted cognitive performance, especially in younger children.
  • White matter connection quality explained additional variance in cognitive control, mediated by mental speed.

Conclusions:

  • Anterior cingulate cortex development is a key neural foundation for self-regulation.
  • Brain maturation, encompassing both gray and white matter, is crucial for cognitive development.
  • Understanding these neural bases can inform interventions for neurodevelopmental disorders.