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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis (CASP) - a Standardized Model for Polymicrobial Abdominal Sepsis
06:45

Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis (CASP) - a Standardized Model for Polymicrobial Abdominal Sepsis

Published on: December 18, 2010

A case study in intra-abdominal sepsis.

Jasmeet S Paul1, Timothy J Ridolfi

  • 1Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. jpaul@mcw.edu

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|November 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Severe intra-abdominal infections, including peritonitis, can lead to septic shock. Prompt resuscitation, antibiotics, and source control are key for surgical patients, applying damage control principles.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis (CASP) - a Standardized Model for Polymicrobial Abdominal Sepsis
06:45

Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis (CASP) - a Standardized Model for Polymicrobial Abdominal Sepsis

Published on: December 18, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Surgical critical care
  • Infectious disease management

Background:

  • Intra-abdominal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
  • Peritonitis can rapidly progress to septic shock, a life-threatening condition.
  • Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the management of severe intra-abdominal infection using a detailed case study.
  • To discuss the application of Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines in surgical patients.
  • To illustrate the concept of damage control general surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed case study of a patient with severe intra-abdominal infection from diverticulitis.
  • Review of management principles including resuscitation, antibiotics, and source control.
  • Application of Surviving Sepsis Campaign components and damage control surgery concepts.

Main Results:

  • The case study demonstrates a comprehensive approach to managing complex intra-abdominal infections.
  • Updated Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommendations are integrated into surgical patient care.
  • Damage control surgery principles are highlighted for severe cases.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt and aggressive management is crucial for intra-abdominal infections.
  • Adherence to sepsis guidelines and damage control principles improves outcomes.
  • Source control and timely reconstruction are vital for patient recovery.