Related Experiment Videos
What have we learned about the treatment of type 2 diabetes? The evolving paradigms
Jeffrey S Freeman1, Edward S Horton
1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131-1626, USA. jeffreyfreemando@aol.com
Abstract:
Insulin, the first treatment for diabetes, was discovered >90 years ago. Since then, many new types of insulin have become available, including analogs that more closely mimic the characteristics of endogenous insulin. In addition, oral antidiabetes drugs and other types of injectable therapies have been approved for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. As newer treatments are approved for type 2 diabetes, the choice and-paradoxically-the complexity of treatment increases. The potential benefits of all treatment options must be carefully balanced against potential adverse events to truly analyze the overall efficacy, safety, tolerability, and potential long-term effects. The manner in which outcomes are assessed and the methods employed to make such assessments have changed over time. This review will address these issues as they are related to therapies for type 2 diabetes, including insulin, oral antidiabetes drugs, and incretin-based agents.
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction