Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...
Translation in Prokaryotes01:29

Translation in Prokaryotes

Prokaryote translation is a complex, highly coordinated process that converts genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. It involves three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each facilitated by specific molecular components.Initiation of TranslationThe process begins with the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and initiation factors on the mRNA. In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA, a conserved region upstream of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

DDX3X-mediated translation of structured cardiac mRNAs is essential for female heart development.

Genes & development·2026
Same author

Differential control of both cell cycle-regulated and quantitative histone mRNA expression by <i>Drosophila</i> Mute.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

3' Processing of Animal Replication-Dependent Histone mRNAs.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA·2026
Same author

An N-terminal helix of Lsm11 stabilizes CPSF73 in U7 snRNP for histone pre-mRNA 3'-end processing.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Mechanistic insights into recruitment and regulation of the RNA helicase UPF1 in replication-dependent histone mRNA decay.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Composition and RNA binding specificity of metazoan RNase MRP.

Nucleic acids research·2025
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

An In Vitro Single-Molecule Imaging Assay for the Analysis of Cap-Dependent Translation Kinetics
09:52

An In Vitro Single-Molecule Imaging Assay for the Analysis of Cap-Dependent Translation Kinetics

Published on: September 15, 2020

Novel 3' ends that support translation.

William F Marzluff1

  • 1Program in Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. marzluff@med.unc.edu

Genes & Development
|November 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Large noncoding RNAs like MALAT1 and MEN β, processed by RNase P, can be exported and translated. Their unique 3' end structures support these functions similarly to polyadenylation.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Gene Expression

Background:

  • Large noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in cellular processes.

More Related Videos

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
10:24

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer
09:38

Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer

Published on: March 28, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

An In Vitro Single-Molecule Imaging Assay for the Analysis of Cap-Dependent Translation Kinetics
09:52

An In Vitro Single-Molecule Imaging Assay for the Analysis of Cap-Dependent Translation Kinetics

Published on: September 15, 2020

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
10:24

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer
09:38

Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer

Published on: March 28, 2018

  • The 3' end processing of MALAT1 and MEN β involves RNase P cleavage, yielding uncapped and non-polyadenylated transcripts.
  • Mechanisms governing the nuclear export and translation of such lncRNAs remain incompletely understood.