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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes
14:40

Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes

Published on: March 19, 2012

3' Processing of Animal Replication-Dependent Histone mRNAs.

William F Marzluff1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Integrative Program in Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|January 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eukaryotic cells coordinate histone mRNA synthesis using a specialized nuclear body. This process, restricted to S-phase, involves unique factors and processing signals for efficient DNA replication and chromatin assembly.

Keywords:
RNA processingcell cycle regulationhistone mRNAsnuclear bodiessnRNP

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

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Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Modifications Distribution using the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Method in Magnaporthe oryzae
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Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Modifications Distribution using the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Method in Magnaporthe oryzae

Published on: June 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Gene Expression

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cell division requires coordinated DNA replication and chromatin assembly.
  • Replication-dependent (RD) histone mRNAs possess a unique stem-loop (SL) structure instead of polyadenylation.
  • RD-histone genes are clustered and transcribed within the histone locus body (HLB).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing the synthesis and processing of RD-histone mRNAs.
  • To understand the role of the histone locus body (HLB) in coordinating histone gene expression.
  • To identify the factors and regulatory steps controlling histone mRNA production during the cell cycle.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of histone mRNA processing signals (SL and HDE).
  • Investigation of the function of histone mRNA metabolism factors (NPAT, FLASH, U7 snRNP, SLBP).
  • Characterization of the histone locus body (HLB) composition and cell cycle regulation.

Main Results:

  • RD-histone mRNAs are synthesized and processed within the HLB.
  • Histone mRNA expression is cell-cycle regulated, specifically during S-phase, via NPAT phosphorylation.
  • The U7 snRNP, containing a CPSF subcomplex (CPSF73), is crucial for the 3' end cleavage of histone pre-mRNA.

Conclusions:

  • The HLB serves as a specialized nuclear compartment for coordinated histone mRNA biogenesis.
  • A unique set of factors and processing mechanisms ensures timely and sufficient histone production for DNA replication.
  • CPSF73 plays a key role in the 3' end formation of histone mRNAs, distinct from canonical polyadenylation.