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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
08:26

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

Published on: June 12, 2018

Telomerase RNA biosynthesis and processing.

E M Smekalova1, O S Shubernetskaya, M I Zvereva

  • 1Chemical Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|November 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomerase RNA is crucial for maintaining genome integrity by synthesizing telomeric repeats. Understanding its biosynthesis and function aids in treating diseases like cancer and aplastic anemia.

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In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
08:26

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

Published on: June 12, 2018

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Telomeres protect eukaryotic chromosomes, preventing degradation and fusion.
  • Telomere shortening is linked to aging and various diseases.
  • Telomerase, comprising a catalytic subunit and RNA, synthesizes telomeric repeats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review modern concepts of telomerase RNA biosynthesis, processing, and function.
  • To explore telomerase RNA's role in yeast, vertebrates, and ciliates.
  • To highlight telomerase's significance in disease mechanisms and therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of telomerase RNA research.
  • Comparative analysis across different model systems (yeast, vertebrates, ciliates).
  • Focus on biosynthesis, processing, and functional mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Telomerase RNA is essential for telomere maintenance.
  • Dysfunctional telomerase RNA is implicated in aplastic anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, myelodysplasia, and pulmonary fibrosis.
  • Telomerase activation is a key event in cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • Telomerase RNA is a critical component for genome stability.
  • Further research into telomerase pathways can unlock new therapeutic strategies for telomere-related diseases.
  • Comparative studies across species enhance understanding of fundamental telomerase mechanisms.