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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

Fairness considerations when I know more than you do: developmental comparisons.

Sandy Overgaauw¹, Berna Güroğlu, Eveline A Crone

¹Institute of Psychology, Leiden University Leiden, Netherlands ; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition Leiden, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Psychology

|November 20, 2012

Summary

This study on the Ultimatum Game reveals that while children grasp strategic fairness, adults and older children more significantly adjust their offers based on hidden information, indicating greater strategic motivation.

Keywords:

development empathic concern fairness perspective taking prosocial behavior social decision making

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

Area of Science:

Developmental psychology
Behavioral economics
Game theory

Background:

Fairness considerations are crucial in economic decision-making.
The Ultimatum Game (UG) is a key paradigm for studying these considerations.
Developmental differences in strategic motivations remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate developmental variations in altruistic versus strategic fairness motivations.
To examine how hidden information influences fairness considerations across age groups.
To analyze proposer behavior in a modified Ultimatum Game with concealed conditions.

Main Methods:

Utilized a modified Ultimatum Game (UG) with hidden information conditions.
Participants (22 adults, 79 children aged 8–13) played multiple one-shot UG rounds.
Proposers divided coins, with some visible only to them.

Main Results:

All age groups demonstrated strategic intentions in the UG.
Adults exhibited equal division in standard UG but reduced offers with hidden information.
An age × condition interaction showed older children and adults adapted more to hidden information than younger children.

Conclusions:

Young children possess a foundational understanding of strategic motives.
Adult and older child behavior in the UG is increasingly driven by strategic considerations.
Hidden information significantly impacts fairness decisions, particularly in older participants.