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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...

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Analyzing Beneficial Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Functions During Experimental Colitis
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Immunosuppressive and biologic therapy for ulcerative colitis.

Sandro Ardizzone1, Andrea Cassinotti, Roberto de Franchis

  • 1Cattedra e Divisione di Gatroenterologia, ed Endoscopia Digestiva, Azienda, Ospedaliera L. Sacco, Polo Universitario, Italy. samari1@tin.it

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
|November 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

New ulcerative colitis (UC) treatments are emerging due to better understanding of IBD pathophysiology. Early use of conventional and novel immunosuppressants may improve patient outcomes and reduce societal costs.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Recent advances in understanding ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis have spurred the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Improved comprehension of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathophysiology has resulted in increased utilization of immunosuppressants and biologics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging immunosuppressive and biologic therapies for ulcerative colitis.
  • To identify critical areas where earlier and broader application of these treatments may be beneficial.

Main Methods:

  • Review of conventional immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, cyclosporine, tacrolimus) and anti-TNF-α agents (infliximab, adalimumab) in UC treatment.
  • Discussion of ongoing studies on emerging immunosuppressants for UC.
  • Exploration of potential scenarios for early and widespread use of immunomodulatory agents.

Main Results:

  • Conventional immunomodulators and anti-TNF-α agents are established treatments for UC.
  • Emerging immunosuppressants show promise in ongoing studies for UC management.
  • Evidence suggests potential benefits of early and diffuse use of these agents in specific patient populations.

Conclusions:

  • Ulcerative colitis imposes significant burdens, particularly on young adults, necessitating optimized therapeutic approaches.
  • There is a clear need to update traditional UC treatment paradigms with novel therapies.
  • Early and widespread adoption of both conventional and novel immunomodulators is advocated in specific clinical contexts to alter the disease course.