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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

Stop interfering: Stroop task conflict independence from informational conflict and interference.

Eyal Kalanthroff¹, Liat Goldfarb, Marius Usher

¹Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel. eyalkala@post.bgu.ac.il

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)

|November 21, 2012

Summary

Task conflict in the Stroop task emerges even without informational conflict. This suggests that cognitive control is activated whenever multiple tasks are possible, regardless of potential errors.

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The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

The Stroop task involves informational and task conflicts.
Previous research showed behavioral evidence for task conflict (reverse facilitation).
The conditions for this Stroop effect are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate if task conflict occurs when only two tasks are possible, even without informational conflict.
Determine if task control is needed in such scenarios.

Main Methods:

Two experiments were conducted using Stroop task variations without incongruent stimuli.
Experiment 1 used nonword neutrals and neutral/congruent cues.
Experiment 2 replaced nonword neutrals with non-colour words.

Main Results:

A reverse facilitation effect was observed in noncued trials of Experiment 1.
This effect disappeared when a non-colour word inducing task conflict was used in Experiment 2.
Task conflict control is activated reactively when multiple tasks are present.

Conclusions:

Task conflict control is initiated reactively whenever multiple tasks are possible.
This occurs even when there is no possibility of informational conflict.
Cognitive control adapts to the presence of competing task demands.