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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

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Updated: May 16, 2026

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: December 1, 2023

Epigenetic changes in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Marcus W Koch1, Luanne M Metz, Olga Kovalchuk

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, 1403-29th Street N. W., Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada. mwkoch@ucalgary.ca

Nature Reviews. Neurology
|November 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic changes, like DNA methylation, are increasingly linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) development and progression. Understanding these mechanisms offers new insights into MS pathophysiology.

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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA) regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequence.
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease with inflammatory and neurodegenerative aspects.
  • Emerging research suggests epigenetic alterations play a role in MS, potentially mediating environmental risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the involvement of epigenetic changes in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis.
  • To explore how epigenetic modifications may influence MS development and disease course.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on epigenetics and multiple sclerosis.
  • Analysis of epigenetic mechanisms in relation to MS pathology, including T-cell differentiation and myelin protein modification.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic changes are implicated in MS pathogenesis, possibly linking environmental factors (smoking, vitamin D deficiency, EBV) to disease.
  • Epigenetically regulated T-helper 17 cell differentiation may contribute to inflammation and demyelination in relapsing-remitting MS.
  • Histone acetylation and myelin basic protein citrullination are potential epigenetic drivers exacerbating progressive MS.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications are significant factors in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology.
  • Further research into epigenetic mechanisms could reveal novel therapeutic targets for MS.