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Coronary artery calcium in type 2 diabetes: a nested case‑control study

Maciej Sosnowski1, Krystyna Kozakiewicz, Marcin Syzdół

  • 13rd Division of Cardiology, 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. maciej.sosnowski@gmail.com

Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej
|November 21, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes show more frequent and diffuse coronary artery calcium (CAC) compared to non-diabetics. Traditional risk factors do not fully explain these extensive calcified lesions in diabetics.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Diabetology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Classic risk scores have limitations in assessing cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.
  • Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) offers a direct measure of atherosclerosis.
  • Limited head-to-head comparisons exist for CACS in symptomatic type 2 diabetes patients versus matched non-diabetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between traditional risk factors and CACS in type 2 diabetes.
  • To compare CACS in symptomatic type 2 diabetes patients with matched non-diabetic individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 2482 symptomatic subjects with known CACS.
  • Identified 325 type 2 diabetes patients and 325 matched non-diabetic controls.
  • Utilized 64-slice multi-detector computed tomography for CACS evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Diabetic patients had significantly higher CACS (median 50 AU) than non-diabetics (median 9 AU).
  • Positive CACS was more common in diabetics (73.5%) vs. non-diabetics (60.9%).
  • Coronary artery calcium was more diffuse in diabetic patients; traditional risk factors explained only 10% of variance.

Conclusions:

  • Symptomatic type 2 diabetes patients exhibit more frequent coronary calcified lesions than matched non-diabetics.
  • Traditional risk factors are insufficient to explain the increased prevalence, diffusion, and extent of calcified lesions in diabetic subjects.
Abstract

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