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Related Concept Videos

Three Developmental Domains01:29

Three Developmental Domains

Human development is typically examined across three main domains: physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional. These domains represent the significant areas of change and continuity throughout the lifespan, from infancy to late adulthood.
Physical Development
Physical processes, also known as maturation, encompass the biological changes that occur across an individual's life. These changes begin with genetic inheritance and continue through various stages, including growth in height and weight,...
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood01:25

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of Knowledge
Schemata...
Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
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Updated: May 16, 2026

A Lightweight Drive Implant for Chronic Tetrode Recordings in Juvenile Mice
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A Lightweight Drive Implant for Chronic Tetrode Recordings in Juvenile Mice

Published on: June 2, 2023

Brain development in childhood.

Yasuyuki Taki1, Ryuta Kawashima

  • 1Division of Meidcal Image Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan ; Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan ; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.

The Open Neuroimaging Journal
|November 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human brain development is a complex, non-linear process. This review examines structural and functional changes in children

Keywords:
Arterial spin labeling.ChildrenDevelopmentDiffusion tensor imagingGray matterMagnetic resonance imagingVoxel-based morphometryWhite matter

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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Human brain development extends through childhood and adolescence.
  • This development is characterized by non-linear structural and functional changes.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for identifying developmental trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on brain development in healthy children.
  • To examine structural and perfusion changes in gray and white matter.
  • To explore the relationship between lifestyle factors and brain development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on child brain development.
  • Analysis of structural changes (gray and white matter volume).
  • Assessment of white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy) and cerebral blood flow.

Main Results:

  • Gray matter volume peaks at different ages across regions, then declines.
  • White matter volume shows a largely linear increase.
  • Fractional anisotropy generally follows an exponential trajectory with age.
  • Cerebral blood flow correlates with gray matter volume.
  • Lifestyle factors like sleep and diet impact gray matter volume.

Conclusions:

  • Child brain development is a dynamic, region-specific process.
  • Brain structure and function are influenced by both intrinsic aging and external factors.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate developmental pathways and influencing factors.