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Updated: May 16, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
Published on: November 10, 2014
Pneumomediastinum complicating transbronchial needle aspiration
Konrad L Davis1, Steven J Escobar, David A Bradshaw
1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California.
Abstract:
Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is a safe procedure with a reported complication rate of less than 1%. Pneumomediastinum after TBNA has not been reported in the English literature in the past. We present the case of a 65-year-old woman with widely metastatic small cell carcinoma, who developed pneumomediastinum after flexible bronchoscopy with TBNA. A persistent visible defect in the bronchial wall at the site of the needle insertion strongly implicated the TBNA as the cause of the pneumomediastinum.
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