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Updated: May 16, 2026
High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Published on: January 19, 2022
Sleep disordered breathing in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Sedat Oktem1, Bulent Karadag, Ela Erdem
1Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Istanbul Medipol University, Feneryolu Mah. Yildiray Sok., Istanbul, Turkey. sedatoktem@hotmail.com
Background:
Upper airway manifestations of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) can cause obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Also abnormalities of lung mechanics and gas exchange may lead to sleep abnormalities in these patients.
Objectives:
To determine the rate of OSAS and sleep quality in PCD patients, and whether these are related to upper respiratory system manifestations and severity of lung disease in these patients.
Methods:
Twenty-nine PCD patients and healthy controls were included to the study. Respiratory symptoms within the previous month were separately scored with the severity of the symptoms. Physical examination, pulmonary function tests, and ear-nose-throat assessments were obtained. All patients completed the Turkish version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), sleep questionnaire, and underwent overnight polysomnography. Categorical variables were compared with chi-square and Fisher's exact test while continuous variables were compared with Student's t-test.
Results:
Eleven PCD patients reported themselves to be "poor" sleepers, compared to only one subject in the control group (P = 0.002). Sixty-five percent of PCD patients had habitual snoring (HS). Fifty-two percent of the PCD patients had OSAS in polysomnography. OSAS rate was higher in PCD patients who snored (P = 0.008). HS and OSAS were more common in PCD patients who had cigarette smoke exposure in their homes (P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively).
Conclusions:
Patients with PCD have decreased sleep quality and higher rate of sleep disordered breathing compared to controls and higher rate of OSAS compared to population rates. Cigarette smoke exposure is an important risk factor for OSAS in PCD patients. Assessment and treatment of sleep disorders in PCD should be a part of disease management. Periodicals, Inc.
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