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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Long-Term Effect Of COVID-19 on Children's Lung Function: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Şule Selin Akyan Soydaş1, Ece Ocak1, Murat Yasin Gençoğlu1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ministry of Health Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|June 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Most children recover lung function after COVID-19, but those with pneumonia or comorbidities may face lasting issues. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are recommended for high-risk children, including diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) measurement.

Keywords:
COVID‐19DLCOchildrenplethysmographypulmonary function testsspirometry

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pediatric lung function remain an area of active investigation.
  • Understanding post-COVID-19 respiratory sequelae in children is crucial for guiding clinical management and follow-up strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term impact of COVID-19 on pulmonary function in children.
  • To identify clinical, radiological, and laboratory predictors of persistent lung function abnormalities after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study involving 270 children with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), including spirometry and DLCO, were performed at 3 and 6 months post-infection.
  • Analysis correlated acute infection period (AIP) findings with long-term PFT parameters.

Main Results:

  • Overall mean PFT parameters were normal at 3 and 6 months, but significant longitudinal changes were observed in FEV1%, FVC%, and DLCOadj%.
  • Children with COVID-19 pneumonia showed abnormal DLCOadj at 6 months compared to those without pneumonia (p=0.046).
  • Comorbidities and abnormal respiratory physical examination findings during AIP were independently associated with abnormal FEV1 and FVC at 3 months.

Conclusions:

  • Most children exhibit preserved lung function after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Children with COVID-19 pneumonia, comorbidities, or specific AIP findings are at higher risk for persistent functional abnormalities.
  • Follow-up PFTs, including spirometry and potentially DLCO, are recommended for higher-risk pediatric patients.