Developmental changes in within- and between-network connectivity between late childhood and adulthood.
Anita D Barber1, Brian S Caffo, James J Pekar
1Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. adbarber@gmail.com
Neuropsychologia
|November 24, 2012
Summary
Brain network development from childhood to adulthood shows significant changes in cognitive control and social cognition regions. These brain maturation processes are linked to improved inhibitory control, crucial for goal-directed behavior.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Behavioral changes from childhood to adulthood involve social cognition, impulsivity, and cognitive control.
- Brain development involves restructuring and strengthening neural connections, impacting cognitive abilities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine developmental differences in brain network connectivity between late childhood and adulthood.
- To investigate changes in task-positive (TP) and task-negative (TN) brain networks.
- To explore the relationship between brain network maturation and inhibitory control.
Main Methods:
- Resting state functional connectivity analysis.
- Comparison of TP and TN network connectivity in children and adults.
- Correlation analysis between brain connectivity and Go/No-go task performance.
Main Results:
- Developmental differences in connectivity were observed in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (TP network) and medial prefrontal cortex/right parahippocampal gyrus (TN network).
- Significant developmental changes were found in connections between TP and TN networks.
- Stronger anticorrelations in adults within the TN network correlated with enhanced inhibitory control.
Conclusions:
- Brain network maturation, particularly in regions supporting cognitive control and social cognition, occurs between childhood and adulthood.
- The development of anticorrelations between neural networks is associated with mature inhibitory control.
- These findings highlight specific regional maturation critical for goal-directed behavior, working memory, social cognition, and inhibitory control.
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