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3D Neuromodulation in Neural Organoids with Shell MEAs.

Chris Acha1, Derosh George1, Lauren C Diaz2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|January 8, 2026
PubMed

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel shell microelectrode arrays (MEAs) to study electrical activity in neural organoids (NOs). This new method maps 3D neuromodulation, advancing brain science and biocomputing applications.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Neural organoids (NOs) are crucial models for studying brain function and developing biocomputing systems.
  • Understanding electrical activity and neuromodulation in NOs is key for applications in neural plasticity and learning.
  • Current 2D microelectrode arrays (MEAs) limit the assessment of neuromodulation across the entire 3D structure of NOs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel method for investigating 3D spatiotemporal neuromodulation in neural organoids.
  • To establish reliable relationships between electrical stimulation and recording traces in NOs.
  • To create 3D maps of neuromodulatory activity on the entire surface of NOs.

Main Methods:

  • Development of "shell MEAs" mimicking macroscale EEG caps for 3D coverage of NOs.
Keywords:
biocomputingbioelectronicselectrophysiologymicroelectrode arraysself‐folding

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  • Application of electrical stimulation within a specific current range (20-30 µA).
  • Recording and analysis of neuron firing rates and generation of 3D spatiotemporal activity maps.

    • Main Results:

    • A statistically significant increase in neuron firing rate was observed post-stimulation (20-30 µA).
    • Neuromodulatory behavior was detected using both 3- and 16-electrode shell MEAs.
    • 3D spatiotemporal maps effectively visualized neuromodulatory activity across the entire NO surface.

    Conclusions:

    • Shell MEAs provide a novel methodology for investigating 3D spatiotemporal neuromodulation in neural organoids.
    • This technique enhances the study of neural functionality, plasticity, and learning in organoid models.
    • The findings are broadly relevant to biomedical engineering and brain science research.