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Effects of manganese-toxicity on immune-related organs of cocks

Xiao-fei Liu1, Zhi-peng Li, Feng Tie

  • 1Key Laboratory for Food Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, PR China.

Chemosphere
|November 27, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Excessive dietary manganese (Mn) harms birds

Area of Science:

  • Avian immunology
  • Trace element toxicology
  • Oxidative stress research

Background:

  • Manganese (Mn) is vital for biochemical reactions, but its effects on avian immune systems at excessive levels are unclear.
  • Understanding Mn's impact on bird immunity is crucial for poultry health and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of dietary manganese supplementation on immune damage in male Hy-line cocks.
  • To evaluate the dose- and time-dependent effects of manganese exposure on immune organ function and integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Male Hy-line cocks were fed diets with varying manganese chloride (MnCl2) concentrations (600, 900, 1800 mg kg(-1)) for 30, 60, and 90 days.
  • Assessed Mn and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]), and hydroxyl radical resistance in serum and immune organs (spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius).
  • Analyzed DNA damage (single strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinks) and apoptosis in immune cells.

Main Results:

  • Manganese and MDA levels increased, while SOD, GSH-Px activities, and hydroxyl radical resistance decreased in Mn-treated groups.
  • Significant oxidative damage, DNA damage, and apoptosis were observed in immune organs, showing time- and dose-dependent effects.
  • Dietary manganese exposure negatively impacted the birds' antioxidant defense systems and immune organ function.

Conclusions:

  • Excessive dietary manganese induces oxidative damage in the avian immune system.
  • Manganese exposure alters antioxidant enzyme systems, increases lipid peroxidation, and promotes apoptosis in immune cells.
  • These findings highlight the detrimental effects of high manganese levels on bird immunity, necessitating careful dietary management.

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