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RNA Structure

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Using In Vitro and In-cell SHAPE to Investigate Small Molecule Induced Pre-mRNA Structural Changes

Using In Vitro and In-cell SHAPE to Investigate Small Molecule Induced Pre-mRNA Structural Changes

Published on: January 30, 2019

RNA SHAPE analysis in living cells.

Robert C Spitale¹, Pete Crisalli, Ryan A Flynn

¹Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

Nature Chemical Biology

|November 27, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new chemical probes to map RNA structures within living cells. This breakthrough allows detailed visualization of gene regulation and RNA-protein interactions across various organisms.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Using In Vitro and In-cell SHAPE to Investigate Small Molecule Induced Pre-mRNA Structural Changes

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Published on: January 30, 2019

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

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RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE

RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE

Published on: May 31, 2013

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

RNA structure is crucial for gene regulation.
Existing methods for studying RNA structure in vivo are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and validate novel chemical probes for in vivo RNA structure probing.
To overcome limitations of current structural biology techniques in living systems.

Main Methods:

Design and synthesis of two novel chemical probes.
Application of selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) in living cells.
Single-nucleotide resolution analysis of RNA structures.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the efficacy of the new probes in human, mouse, fly, yeast, and bacterial cells.
Successfully mapped RNA structures at single-nucleotide resolution in vivo.
Identified tertiary RNA contacts and RNA-protein interactions within living cells.

Conclusions:

The developed probes provide a powerful new tool for studying RNA structure and function in vivo.
This advancement significantly enhances our understanding of gene regulation across diverse species.
Enables detailed investigation of RNA dynamics and interactions in their native cellular environment.