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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization

Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...
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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Comprehensive Workflow for the Genome-wide Identification and Expression Meta-analysis of the ATL E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene Family in Grapevine
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Published on: December 22, 2017

PIECE: a database for plant gene structure comparison and evolution.

Yi Wang1, Frank M You, Gerard R Lazo

  • 1USDA-Agriculture Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
|November 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new database, PIECE, aids plant genomics by comparing exon-intron structures across 25 plant genomes. This tool reveals evolutionary insights into gene structure, crucial for understanding plant evolution and function.

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative genomics
  • Plant evolutionary biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Gene families exhibit variations in exon-intron structures due to evolutionary divergence.
  • Understanding these structural differences is key to deciphering evolutionary and functional relationships in plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce PIECE, a comparative genomics database for Plant Intron and Exon Comparison and Evolution.
  • To provide a tool for analyzing gene structure evolution across diverse plant species.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled annotated genes from 25 sequenced plant genomes.
  • Classified genes using Pfam motifs and constructed phylogenetic trees.
  • Utilized GLOOME, Exalign, and GECA software for gene structure evolution analysis.

Main Results:

  • PIECE database integrates gene structures from 25 plant genomes.
  • The database offers a user-friendly interface with search capabilities and graphical viewers.
  • Analysis tools within PIECE facilitate the study of orthologous gene group evolution.

Conclusions:

  • PIECE is a valuable resource for comparative genomics, offering insights into plant gene structure evolution.
  • The database supports research into the evolutionary and functional significance of gene structure variations in plants.