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Electrochemical Etching and Characterization of Sharp Field Emission Points for Electron Impact Ionization
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Published on: July 12, 2016

Characterization of a constant current charge detector.

Masanobu Mori1, Yongjing Chen, Shin-Ichi Ohira

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA.

Talanta
|November 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that a charge detector (ChD) using ion exchange membranes responds to analyte charge, not conductivity, in constant current mode. Base injection inhibits water dissociation, with effects differing between anion and cation exchange membranes.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ion exchangers function analogously to semiconductors, with ions as charge carriers.
  • Previous work established a charge detector (ChD) responding to analyte charge, not conductivity, and suggested electric field-induced dissociation (EFID) of water.
  • The ChD, previously operated at constant voltage, was investigated in a constant current mode.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavior of the ion exchange membrane (IEM) based charge detector (ChD) operated in a constant current mode.
  • To examine the effect of base injection on EFID in the ChD.
  • To understand the influence of applied current, analyte residence time, and fluid composition on ChD response.

Main Methods:

  • Operated the charge detector (ChD) in a constant current mode.
  • Injected acids and bases to assess their impact on EFID and ChD response.
  • Systematically varied applied current, analyte residence time, and outer channel fluid composition.
  • Utilized analyte ions with different mobilities and affinities for the ion exchange membranes (IEMs).

Main Results:

  • The ChD in constant current mode also responds to analyte charge, not conductivity.
  • Base injection appears to inhibit EFID, with a more significant effect when a strong base is in the anion exchange membrane (AEM) compartment compared to an acid in the cation exchange membrane (CEM) compartment.
  • Response intensity followed the order: strong electrolytes (acids/salts) > weak acids/salts > bases.
  • Analyte peak widths and asymmetries correlate with ion mobility and IEM affinity, respectively.
  • EFID is suggested to occur primarily at the AEM and be inhibited by hydroxide ions.

Conclusions:

  • The charge detector (ChD) in constant current mode effectively detects analyte charge, independent of conductivity.
  • Electric field-induced dissociation (EFID) of water is primarily localized at the anion exchange membrane (AEM) and is suppressed by bases.
  • The observed asymmetric behavior provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing ion exchange membrane devices.