Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
09:37

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique

Published on: September 23, 2022

Three clusters of Saffold viruses circulating in children with diarrhea in Japan

Pattara Khamrin1, Aksara Thongprachum, Hideaki Kikuta

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases
|November 28, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Saffold virus (SAFV), a novel human Cardiovirus, was detected in 1.5% of children with diarrhea in Japan. SAFV strains, including SAFV2 and SAFV3, circulated during the 2010-2011 gastroenteritis season.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Saffold virus (SAFV) is a recently identified human virus belonging to the Cardiovirus genus within the Picornaviridae family.
  • SAFV was initially discovered in fecal samples from a child experiencing fever of unknown origin in 2007.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Saffold virus (SAFV) in children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan.
  • To identify circulating SAFV genotypes and their association with clinical symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Collection and analysis of 454 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea in Japan (2010-2011).
  • Detection of SAFV using molecular methods.
  • Partial VP1 nucleotide sequencing for phylogenetic analysis of detected SAFV strains.

Main Results:

  • SAFV was identified in 7 (1.5%) of the collected fecal specimens.
  • Four cases involved mixed infections with other enteric viruses (rotavirus, norovirus, bocavirus); three cases showed SAFV monoinfection.
  • Clinical symptoms included diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and mild dehydration. Phylogenetic analysis revealed circulation of SAFV2 (subtypes A and B) and SAFV3 strains.

Conclusions:

  • SAFV (specifically SAFV2 and SAFV3) was circulating among children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan during the 2010-2011 season.
  • The findings highlight the role of SAFV as a potential enteric pathogen in pediatric populations.

More Related Videos

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR15:16

Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR

Published on: July 22, 2012

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
Cholera01:25

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...