Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 16, 2026
11:32
Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
Published on: February 23, 2014
What effect has pneumococcal vaccination had on acute mastoiditis?
M Daniel1, S Gautam, T A Scrivener
1Department of Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. matija.daniel@nottingham.ac.uk
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
|November 29, 2012
Summary
Pneumococcal vaccination initially reduced acute mastoiditis and complications. However, mastoiditis incidence and severity returned to pre-vaccination levels shortly after vaccine introduction.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae is a primary cause of acute mastoiditis.
- The introduction of pneumococcal vaccination in 2005 may impact mastoiditis trends.
- This study investigates changes in mastoiditis incidence and severity over an 11-year period.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the incidence, severity, and microbiology of acute mastoiditis.
- To compare trends before, during, and after pneumococcal vaccine introduction.
- To evaluate the impact of vaccination on mastoiditis-related complications and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of pediatric acute mastoiditis cases from 2000-2010.
- Comparison of three periods: pre-vaccination (2000-2004), peri-vaccination (2005-2007), and post-vaccination (2008-2010).
- Analysis of case load, microbiology, clinical severity, complications, and treatment duration.
Main Results:
- Annual mastoiditis cases initially decreased post-vaccination but then returned to pre-vaccination levels.
- Pneumococcal isolates dropped significantly in the peri-vaccination period but increased afterward.
- Incidence of intracranial complications decreased initially but rose again post-vaccination.
Conclusions:
- Pneumococcal vaccination temporarily reduced mastoiditis admissions and complications.
- Mastoiditis incidence and severity rebounded to pre-vaccination levels after vaccine introduction.
- Ongoing surveillance is crucial to monitor long-term effects of vaccination on mastoiditis.
Related Concept Videos
01:14Atypical Pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
01:22Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
01:26Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology
Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
01:29Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
01:30Acute Pharyngitis
Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause: