[Space flight/bedrest immobilization and bone. Urolithiasis formation during space flight and long-term bed rest]

Prior to human spaceflight the potential problems related to reduced gravitational forces on the musculoskeletal system were recognized, the extent and significance of the changes, however, were not known. Loss of bone mineral density has been a consistent finding after long-duration space flight and long-term bed rest. The main pathogenesis of calcium-urolithiasis is Western diet. Approximate 10% of urolithiasis is produced by bone mineral loss. We recently developed new treatment of bisphosphonate administration to preuent urolithiasis formation in both astronauts and recurrent urolithiasis patients with osteoporosis.This paper shows the results and basic research works.