Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 16, 2026
08:21
Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in a Wide Range of Food Matrices using Hydride Generation - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
Published on: September 1, 2017
Low-dose risk assessment for arsenic: a meta-analysis approach
Munni Begum1, John Horowitz2, Md Irfan Hossain3
1Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA mbegum@bsu.edu.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health
|November 29, 2012
Summary
Chronic low-dose arsenic exposure increases bladder and lung cancer risk. This meta-analysis found higher bladder cancer risk in males and strong correlations between cancer risk and smoking rates.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Toxicology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Chronic exposure to low doses of arsenic is a global health concern.
- Arsenic contamination in drinking water can lead to various health issues, including cancer.
- Understanding dose-response relationships is crucial for public health risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a meta-analysis on dose-response relationships for bladder and lung cancers from chronic low-dose arsenic exposure.
- To investigate the sensitivity of cancer risk to different prevalence measures.
- To assess the influence of sex and smoking on arsenic-related cancer risks.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of electronic databases for studies published through 2010.
- Inclusion of ten studies for bladder cancer and five studies for lung cancer related to ingested arsenic exposure.
- Meta-analysis to determine dose-response relationships and risk sensitivities.
Main Results:
- Estimated 2.91 additional bladder cancer cases per 100,000 people at 10 µg/L arsenic.
- Estimated 4.51 additional lung cancer cases per 100,000 people (studies since 2000) at 10 µg/L arsenic.
- Males exhibit a higher risk of bladder cancer; smoking significantly correlates with both bladder and lung cancer risks.
Conclusions:
- Chronic low-dose arsenic ingestion poses a significant risk for bladder and lung cancers.
- Public health interventions should consider sex-specific risks and the synergistic effect with smoking.
- Further research on arsenic's carcinogenic mechanisms and updated risk assessments are warranted.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
01:12Hazard Ratio
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial evaluating a...
For example, in a clinical trial evaluating a...
01:23Toxicity Testing in Animals
Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
01:24Drug Toxicity: Risk factors
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
01:25Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT
Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
01:25Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity
Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...