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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...

Human Virome

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...

Vaccine Production

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

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Updated: May 16, 2026

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

Published on: January 28, 2019

[Human rotavirus vaccine].

Koki Taniguchi¹

¹Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan. kokitani@fujita-hu.ac.jp

|November 30, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Two rotavirus vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, demonstrate excellent efficacy and safety, significantly reducing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis globally. Their widespread approval and inclusion in immunization schedules highlight their effectiveness in public health.

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Area of Science:

Pediatrics
Vaccinology
Infectious Diseases

Context:

Global rollout of two major human rotavirus vaccines: Rotarix and RotaTeq.
These vaccines have gained approval in over 100 countries and are part of routine immunization in approximately 30.
Recent introduction of Rotarix in Japan, with RotaTeq soon to follow.

Purpose:

To review the composition, characteristics, and effectiveness of Rotarix and RotaTeq.
To discuss key vaccination considerations including intussusception, cross-protection, and viral shedding.
To provide an overview of rotavirus vaccine impact.

Summary:

Clinical trials confirmed high efficacy and safety for both Rotarix and RotaTeq human rotavirus vaccines.
These vaccines have led to a substantial decrease in severe rotavirus gastroenteritis cases worldwide.
Effectiveness has surpassed expectations, influencing global public health strategies.

Impact:

Significant reduction in severe rotavirus gastroenteritis cases globally.
Widespread adoption in national immunization programs underscores vaccine effectiveness.
Potential to further decrease the burden of rotavirus disease in Japan and worldwide.