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Related Concept Videos

The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History01:21

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Physiology of Urine Formation

Urine formation is an essential function of the human body. It plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of body fluids. The kidneys, the primary organs involved in this process, filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, ultimately producing urine.
Glomerular Filtration
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Urinary Incontinence Knowledge and Information Sources Among College Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Urge urinary incontinence and the brain factor.

Carolyn Louise Morris1

  • 1Department of Geriatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. clmorris@umich.edu

Neurourology and Urodynamics
|November 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Elderly women with urge incontinence experience bladder filling sensations and higher attentional demands sooner than continent women. Cognitive processing, particularly executive function, was similar between groups.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Urology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Urge incontinence is common in elderly women.
  • Cognitive processing may be affected by urge incontinence.
  • Understanding these links can improve management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare cognitive processing in elderly women with and without urge incontinence.
  • Assess working memory, attention, and inhibition.
  • Measure bladder sensation intensity and attentional demands.

Main Methods:

  • Neuropsychological tests (e.g., Operation Span, Stroop test).
  • Likert scale for bladder filling sensation intensity.
  • Attentional Demands Survey.

Main Results:

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Real-Time Void Spot Assay
06:39

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Real-Time Void Spot Assay
06:39

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

  • Incontinent women reported first desire to void (FDV) and strong desire to void (SDV) at lower bladder volumes and sensation intensity.
  • Incontinent women perceived significantly higher attentional demands.
  • No significant differences in executive function tests between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Urge incontinence in elderly women is associated with earlier bladder sensation and higher perceived attentional demands.
  • Despite neuroimaging differences, executive function was comparable.
  • Further research is needed to link brain activity differences to cognitive and behavioral outcomes.