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Related Concept Videos

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Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
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Published on: April 6, 2017

Oral contraceptive pills decrease pulmonary airway resistance in healthy north Indian women.

Pradeep Kumar1, Shraddha Singh, Uma Singh

  • 1Department of Physiology, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Indian Journal of Medical Sciences
|December 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) significantly increase airflow in airways, reducing resistance. This study found that OCPs enhance peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and forced expiratory flow (FEF 25-75) in women.

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Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
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Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects

Published on: February 12, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Pulmonary physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hormonal fluctuations during the reproductive years influence female airways.
  • Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) contain estrogen and progestin, altering hormonal balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of OCPs on airway resistance.
  • To compare spirometric parameters between OCP users and non-users.

Main Methods:

  • 100 women aged 20-40 years were studied.
  • Spirometric parameters including PEFR, FEF 25-75, FEV1%, FVC, and FEV1 were recorded.
  • Subjects used a one-month supply of OCPs (levonorgestrel 0.15 mg and ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg).

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in FEF 25-75 was observed in OCP users.
  • Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) also increased significantly among OCP users.
  • These findings suggest OCPs reduce small bronchiole resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Oral contraceptive pills appear to decrease airway resistance.
  • OCPs may positively influence respiratory function in women.