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Vulval elephantiasis: a case report.

Harsh Mohan1, Bhumika Bisht, Poonam Goel

  • 1Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Sector 32-A, Chandigarh 160031, India.

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases
|December 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vulval elephantiasis, a rare complication of filariasis, presents as chronic swelling. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and correlation with diagnostic tests, as histopathology alone is often inconclusive.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Dermatopathology
  • Tropical Medicine

Background:

  • Elephantiasis is a chronic manifestation of filariasis, typically affecting limbs, scrotum, and trunk.
  • Females exhibit a lower incidence of filarial infection, making vulval elephantiasis exceedingly rare.
  • Histopathological diagnosis is challenging due to the infrequent identification of the parasite in tissue sections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of vulval elephantiasis caused by filariasis in a young female.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and necessary investigations for this uncommon condition.
  • To emphasize the importance of integrating clinical, histopathological, and laboratory findings for accurate diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation of a young female with progressive vulval swelling over two years.
  • Exclusion of differential diagnoses through comprehensive clinical evaluation.
  • Ancillary diagnostic tests, including histopathology and potentially microfilariae detection or antigen testing, were employed.

Main Results:

  • A case of vulval elephantiasis in a young female was diagnosed.
  • The swelling measured 5 × 6 cm and was characterized as soft.
  • Histopathological examination, combined with exclusion of other conditions, led to the diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Vulval elephantiasis due to filariasis is a rare clinical entity.
  • Diagnosis often relies on exclusion and a high index of suspicion, as direct parasite identification is infrequent.
  • Accurate diagnosis necessitates correlating microscopic findings with relevant laboratory diagnostic tests.