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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules01:15

Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules

Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...
Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Updated: May 16, 2026

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells
09:03

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells

Published on: November 23, 2014

Class 3 semaphorins: physiological vascular normalizing agents for anti-cancer therapy.

G Serini1, F Bussolino, F Maione

  • 1Institute for Cancer Research at Candiolo (IRCC), University of Torino, Turin, Italy.

Journal of Internal Medicine
|December 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vascular normalization using secreted class 3 semaphorins (Sema3) shows promise in improving anti-angiogenic cancer therapies and overcoming resistance. Sema3 restores vascular function, inhibiting cancer metastasis and impacting the tumor microenvironment.

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Three-Dimensional (3D) Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Published on: May 1, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Anti-angiogenic therapies are crucial in cancer treatment but face challenges with efficacy and acquired resistance.
  • Vascular normalization is emerging as a strategy to enhance anti-cancer therapy outcomes.
  • Tumor vessel normalization aims to improve blood flow and reduce tumor growth and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the biological functions and mechanisms of secreted class 3 semaphorins (Sema3) in tumor vascular normalization.
  • To explore how Sema3 acts as a vascular normalizing agent.
  • To analyze the impact of Sema3 on the tumor microenvironment and metastatic dissemination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical studies on vascular normalization and anti-angiogenic therapies.
  • Analysis of the role of secreted class 3 semaphorins (Sema3) in angiogenesis and vascular function.
  • Examination of the cellular components within the tumor microenvironment affected by Sema3.

Main Results:

  • Secreted class 3 semaphorins (Sema3) are identified as novel vascular normalizing agents.
  • Sema3 inhibits metastatic dissemination by restoring vascular function.
  • Sema3 influences various cellular components of the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular normalization, particularly through Sema3, offers a new strategy to enhance anti-angiogenic therapies.
  • Sema3's ability to restore vascular function and inhibit metastasis is key to its therapeutic potential.
  • Understanding Sema3's mechanisms is vital for developing more effective cancer treatments.