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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
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Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: July 25, 2020

Oncogene alterations in endometrial carcinosarcomas.

Michele Biscuola1, Koen Van de Vijver, María Ángeles Castilla

  • 1Department of Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.

Human Pathology
|December 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated genetic alterations in endometrial carcinosarcomas, revealing frequent mutations in oncogenes like PI3K/AKT. These findings may guide targeted therapies for this aggressive cancer.

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Induction of Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transitions in Sarcoma Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Endometrial carcinosarcomas are aggressive cancers with poorly understood genetic underpinnings.
  • Identifying specific genetic alterations is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze oncogene alterations in endometrial carcinosarcomas.
  • To identify potential predictive markers for targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry for HER2 and c-KIT.
  • Fluorescence in situ hybridization for EGFR and ALK.
  • Oncogene mutation analysis using the Sequenom OncoCarta Panel on 34 samples.

Main Results:

  • EGFR amplification occurred in 14.5% of tumors.
  • Mutations in 9 different oncogenes were detected in 44.1% of samples.
  • The PI3K/AKT pathway was the most frequently altered pathway (32.3%).

Conclusions:

  • Endometrial carcinosarcomas harbor oncogene mutations actionable by targeted therapies.
  • PI3K/AKT pathway alterations are common and may serve as therapeutic targets.