Long-circulating Gd(2)O(3):Yb(3+), Er(3+) up-conversion nanoprobes as high-performance contrast agents for...

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Engineered nanostructures offer unique properties for disease diagnostics and prognostics.
• Multifunctional nanoprobes are crucial for advanced medical imaging.
• Current nanoprobes require further development for in vivo applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a multifunctional nanoprobe for simultaneous up-conversion luminescence (UCL), magnetic resonance (MR), and X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging.
• To evaluate the in vivo performance and safety of PEGylated Gd(2)O(3):Yb(3+), Er(3+) nanorods (PEG-UCNPs).
• To assess the potential of PEG-UCNPs as contrast agents for multi-modality imaging.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of PEGylated Gd(2)O(3):Yb(3+), Er(3+) nanorods (PEG-UCNPs) using a hydrothermal system.
• Surface modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance stability and circulation time.
• In vitro cytotoxicity, hemolyticity assays, and in vivo safety evaluations (histology, hematology, inflammation).
• Small-animal experiments to assess UCL/MR/CT imaging capabilities and pharmacokinetics.

Main Results:

• High-quality PEG-UCNPs were successfully synthesized with excellent in vivo stability and long blood circulation.
• Non-cytotoxic character and overall safety were confirmed through comprehensive in vitro and in vivo assays.
• PEG-UCNPs demonstrated high-performance as contrast agents for UCL, MR, and CT multi-modality imaging in small animals.
• Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and clearance routes were elucidated, confirming the safety profile.

Conclusions:

• PEG-UCNPs represent a promising multifunctional nanoprobe for advanced in vivo multi-modality imaging.
• The developed nanoprobes exhibit excellent biocompatibility and safety for potential clinical translation.
• This study highlights the utility of engineered nanostructures in disease diagnosis and prognosis.