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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

Propagation of Action Potentials

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...

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A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions

A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions

Published on: March 25, 2014

Multidimensional excitation pulses based on spatiotemporal encoding concepts.

Jean-Nicolas Dumez¹, Lucio Frydman

¹Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)

|December 4, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New hybrid 2D radiofrequency pulses using spatiotemporal encoding (SPEN) enable advanced spatial control of spin magnetization in NMR imaging. These pulses offer enhanced robustness against field imperfections, improving imaging techniques.

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Area of Science:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Spin Dynamics
Pulse Sequences

Background:

Spin dynamics control is crucial for modern NMR imaging and tailored spin excitation.
Spatiotemporal encoding (SPEN) has enabled new single-scan multidimensional NMR spectroscopy and imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel class of multidimensional excitation pulses based on SPEN concepts.
To develop hybrid 2D radiofrequency (RF) pulses for advanced spatial sculpting of spin magnetization.

Main Methods:

Development of SPEN-based hybrid 2D RF pulses operating in direct and reciprocal excitation space.
Analysis of pulse properties through numerical simulations and model experiments.
Compatibility assessment with single- and multi-scan imaging techniques.

Main Results:

Demonstrated ability of hybrid 2D pulses to achieve spatial spin sculpting beyond 1D pulse shaping.
Showcased compatibility with various NMR imaging techniques.
Highlighted robustness against field inhomogeneities and offset effects compared to k-space methods.

Conclusions:

SPEN-based hybrid 2D RF pulses represent a significant advancement in NMR excitation.
These pulses offer superior spatial control and robustness, enhancing NMR imaging capabilities.
The developed pulses are versatile and applicable to a broad range of NMR imaging applications.