Optimal out-of-band correction for multispectral remote sensing

Area of Science:

• Remote Sensing
• Optical Physics
• Data Processing

Background:

• Out-of-band (OOB) responses in remote sensing instruments like the Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) can introduce significant errors in spectral radiance measurements.
• Accurate spectral data is crucial for various applications, including environmental monitoring and climate studies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose and validate an optimal out-of-band correction transform (OOBCT) specifically designed for onboard VIIRS OOB effects.
• To assess the performance of the OOBCT in correcting spectral radiance measurements, considering only OOB response impacts.

Main Methods:

• The OOBCT matrix is derived by minimizing the summation of errors between expected and realistic recovered band-averaged spectral radiances.
• Numerical computation of the OOBCT matrix utilizes VIIRS filter transmittance functions and simulated hyperspectral data from Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS).
• The correction process involves a straightforward matrix multiplication of the OOBCT matrix with the measured multispectral image vector.

Main Results:

• Experimental results using AVIRIS and Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean datasets show average errors in recovered spectral radiances are less than 4% of measured radiances.
• The OOBCT method demonstrated superior performance compared to previously reported methods in reducing relative errors across all pixels and bands.

Conclusions:

• The proposed OOBCT provides an effective and straightforward method for correcting onboard VIIRS OOB effects.
• The validated OOBCT method significantly enhances the accuracy of spectral radiance measurements, offering a valuable tool for remote sensing data analysis.