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Related Concept Videos

Pipe Flowrate Measurement01:28

Pipe Flowrate Measurement

In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
The orifice meter is a simple,...
Pipe Flowrate Measurement: Problem Solving01:28

Pipe Flowrate Measurement: Problem Solving

A spray tank system is engineered to uniformly distribute a pest-control liquid across plants by using a pressurized mechanism. The tank, pressurized to 150 kPa, holds the pesticide at a height of 0.80 meters. Liquid flows from the tank through a 1.9 meter pipe with a diameter of 0.015 meters, angled at 0.698 radians, ultimately reaching a 0.007 meter nozzle that sprays the pesticide. Accurate calculation of the system's flow rate is crucial to ensure uniform application, and this is achieved...
Multiple Pipe Systems01:21

Multiple Pipe Systems

Multipipe systems consist of complex configurations of interconnected pipes designed to transport fluids efficiently across intricate networks. They are essential in engineering applications requiring precise control over flow distribution, pressure, and head loss. They are categorized into series, parallel, loop, and network configurations, each distinguished by unique flow characteristics and applications.
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...
Measurement of Fluid Pressure01:16

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...
General Characteristics of Pipe Flow I01:22

General Characteristics of Pipe Flow I

Pipe flow refers to the movement of fluids within fully enclosed conduits, typically cylindrical in shape, such as water pipes or hydraulic hoses. These conduits are designed to withstand high-pressure gradients that drive fluid movement, contrasting with open-channel flows, where gravity is the primary driving force. Rectangular conduits, like air conditioning and heating ducts, generally operate at lower pressures and are less suited for high-pressure applications.
The classification of fluid...

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Related Experiment Video

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Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow
08:25

Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow

Published on: April 30, 2018

New technology for transmission measurements in process pipes.

C E Moss1, A Favalli, J M Goda

  • 1Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. cmoss@lanl.gov

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|December 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an X-ray tube-based transmission technique, replacing radioactive sources for accurate, non-intrusive pipe content monitoring. This innovation enhances safety and efficiency in industrial process measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Traditional radiation transmission techniques for pipe content analysis rely on radioactive sources requiring periodic replacement.
  • Gaseous or low-density materials present significant challenges for accurate density measurements in pipes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, non-intrusive transmission measurement technique using an X-ray tube instead of a radioactive source.
  • To enhance the accuracy and stability of transmission measurements for process monitoring applications.
  • To create an improved enrichment monitor for uranium hexafluoride (UF6) in process pipes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an X-ray tube with a notch filter for a narrow transmission line and a silicon detector for monitoring output.
  • Employed a high-throughput gamma spectrometer with a NaI(Tl) detector and a multichannel analyzer (MCA) with dead time correction for transmitted X-ray measurement.
  • Developed methods for measuring pipe wall thickness without pipe evacuation, using tungsten shielding and collimators.

Main Results:

  • Achieved stable transmission measurements with accuracy within a fraction of a percent.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of using an X-ray tube to eliminate the need for radioactive sources.
  • Presented data from an enrichment monitor incorporating these innovations for UF6 analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed X-ray tube-based transmission technique offers a stable, accurate, and safer alternative to traditional radioactive source methods.
  • The innovations facilitate non-intrusive, real-time monitoring of process pipe contents, including challenging low-density materials.
  • The improved enrichment monitor design enhances the capability for precise UF6 enrichment determination in industrial settings.